control

英 [k?n'tr??l] 美[k?n'trol]

CET4TEM4GRE考研CET6高頻詞基本詞匯

復數:?controls;第三人稱單數:?controls;過去式:?controlled;過去分詞:?controlled;現在分詞:?controlling;

control 控制

contra-, 相對，相反。-roll, 輪子。本義為中世紀的一種反向復核的帳目檢查方法。

control: control: [15] Implausible as it may seem, control’s closest relative in English is contrarotating. It has its origins in a medieval method of checking accounts which involved a duplicate register, or ‘counter-roll’, as it was known (contrārotulus in medieval Latin, contrā meaning ‘opposite’ and rotulus being the diminutive of rota ‘wheel’).

From the medieval Latin noun a verb was formed, contrārotulāre, meaning ‘check accounts by such means’, and hence ‘exert authority’. This passed into English via Anglo-Norman contreroller. The spelling of the agent noun controller as comptroller, still encountered in certain official designations, arises from an erroneous 16th-century association of the first syllable with count, from late Latin computus.
=> rota, rotate
control (v.): early 14c., "to check, verify, regulate," from Anglo-French contreroller "exert authority," from Medieval Latin contrarotulus "a counter, register," from Latin contra- "against" (see contra) + rotulus, diminutive of rota "wheel" (see roll (n.)). From a medieval method of checking accounts by a duplicate register. Sense of "dominate, direct" is mid-15c. Related: Controlled; controlling.

Control group in scientific experiments is attested from 1952 (from a sense of control attested since 1875).
control (n.): 1580s, from control (v.). Control freak is late 1960s slang.

1. The American English spelling for the word " controll " is " control ".: “ 控制 ” 一詞的美國英語拼寫法是 “ control ”.

2. The volume of scheduled flights is straining the air traffic control system.: 定期航班的數量正讓空中交通指揮系統不堪重負。

3. The passengers went through immigration control and collected their baggage.: 旅客通過入境檢查后領取了自己的行李。

4. Condoms are an effective method of birth control if used with care.: 如果使用得當，避孕套是很有效的避孕手段。