mandarin

英 ['m?nd(?)r?n] 美['m?nd?r?n]

TEM8低頻詞擴展詞匯

復數:?mandarins;

外國人音譯漢語“滿清”。

mandarin 中國古代官僚，大臣，普通話

來自葡萄牙語mandarim,中國官員（1580年），來自馬來語mantri,最終來自梵語mantra,顧問，建議，來自PIE*men,思想，思考，詞源同mind,mania.用于指舊時中國的官僚，大臣。后引申詞義普通話。俗詞源認為其來自漢語滿大人是站不住腳的，在時間上差了近100年。

mandarin: mandarin: [16] Although it refers to a Chinese official, mandarin is not a Chinese word. Sanskrit mantrin meant ‘counsellor’ (it was a derivative of mantra ‘counsel’, which itself was based on man ‘think’, a distant relative of English mind). Its Hindi descendant mantrī passed into English via Malay m?teri and Portuguese mandarin. The word’s application to a variety of small loose-skinned orange, which dates in English from the 19th century, was inspired by the yellow robes worn by mandarins.
=> mind
mandarin (n.): "Chinese official," 1580s, via Portuguese mandarim or older Dutch mandorijn from Malay mantri, from Hindi mantri "councilor, minister of state," from Sanskrit mantri, nominative of mantrin- "advisor," from mantra "counsel," from PIE root *men- "to think" (see mind (n.)).

Form influenced in Portuguese by mandar "to command, order." Used generically for the several grades of Chinese officials; sense of "chief dialect of Chinese" (spoken by officials and educated people) is from c. 1600. Transferred sense of "important person" attested by 1907. The type of small, deep-colored orange so called from 1771, from resemblance of its color to that of robes worn by mandarins.

1. Measures are taken to battle rising mandarin crime.: 已經采取了措施來打擊官員中不斷上升的犯罪行為.

4. It was not long before he spoke Mandarin, with a trace of the soft Soochow tones.: 沒有多久,他就說上一口北京話, 帶有一些甜絲絲的蘇州音.

5. Chinese immigrants should count their Blessings if their children could speak Mandarin.: 那些移民的子女,能講華語的就已算慶幸.