screw
英 [skru?]
美[skru]
- vt. 旋，擰；壓榨；強迫
- n. 螺旋；螺絲釘；吝嗇鬼
- vi. 轉動，擰
GRECET4TEM4IELTS考研TOEFLCET6中低頻詞核心詞匯
詞態變化
復數:?screws;第三人稱單數:?screws;過去式:?screwed;過去分詞:?screwed;現在分詞:?screwing;
中文詞源
screw 旋，擰，螺旋，螺絲釘
來自中古英語 screw,螺旋，螺絲，可能來自 PIE*sker,彎，轉，詞源同 ring,curve,shrimp.引申 動詞詞義旋，擰等。
英文詞源
- screw
- screw: [15] Screw comes ultimately from a Latin word meaning ‘female pig’ – scrōfa (source also of English scrofula [14], a disease to which pigs were once thought to be particularly prone). By the medieval period scrōfa was being used for a ‘screw’, mainly no doubt in allusion to the pig’s curly, corkscrew-like tail, but also perhaps partly prompted by the resemblance to Latin scrobis ‘ditch, trench’, hence ‘cunt’, which was used in Vulgar Latin for the ‘groove in a screw-head’ (the use of the verb screw for ‘copulate’, first recorded in the early 18th century, is purely coincidental).
English got the word from Old French escroue, which came either directly from Latin scrōfa or via prehistoric West Germanic *scrūva (source of German schraube ‘screw’).
=> scrofula - screw (n.)
- "cylinder of wood or metal with a spiral ridge round it; hole in which a screw turns," c. 1400, from Middle French escroue "nut, cylindrical socket, screwhole," of uncertain etymology; not found in other Romanic languages. Perhaps via Gallo-Roman *scroba or West Germanic *scruva from Vulgar Latin scrobis "screw-head groove," in classical Latin "ditch, trench," also "vagina" (Diez, though OED finds this "phonologically impossible").
Kluge, Watkins and others trace it to Latin scrofa "breeding sow," perhaps based on the shape of a pig's penis (compare Portuguese porca, Spanish perca "a female screw," from Latin porca "sow"). Latin scrofa is literally "digger, rooter," from PIE root *(s)ker- (1) "to cut" (see shear (v.)). A group of apparently cognate Germanic words (Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schruve, Dutch schroef, German Schraube, Swedish skrufva "screw") are said to be French loan-words.
Sense of "means of pressure or coercion" is from 1640s, probably in reference to instruments of torture (such as thumbscrews). Meaning "prison guard, warden" is 1812 in underworld slang, originally in reference to the key they carried (screw as slang for "key" attested from 1795). Slang meaning "an act of copulation" is recorded from 1929 (meaning "a prostitute" is attested from 1725). To have a screw loose "have a dangerous (usually mental) weakness" is recorded from 1810. - screw (v.)
- "to twist (something) like a screw," 1590s, from screw (n.). From 1610s as "to attach with a screw." Slang meaning "to copulate" dates from at least 1725, originally usually of the action of the male, on the notion of driving a screw into something. Meaning "defraud, cheat" is from 1900. First recorded 1949 in exclamations as a euphemism. Related: Screwed; screwing. To screw up "blunder" is recorded from 1942. Screwed up originally was figurative for "tuned to a high or precise pitch" (1907), an image from the pegs of stringed instruments. Meaning "confused, muddled" attested from 1943. Expression to have (one's) head screwed on the right (or wrong) way is from 1821.
雙語例句
- 1. I used my thumbnail to tighten the screw on my lamp.
- 我用拇指指甲把臺燈上的螺釘擰緊了。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. Next, close your eyes then screw them up tight.
- 接著，合上雙眼，然后再用力閉緊。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. Screw down the lid fairly tightly.
- 把蓋子擰緊。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. A screw had worked loose from my glasses.
- 我眼鏡上有一個螺絲松了。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Screw down any loose floorboards.
- 用螺釘固定住所有松動的地板。
來自柯林斯例句